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human plaat cdnas  (OriGene)


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    Structured Review

    OriGene human plaat cdnas
    a A conceptual schema describing rapidly inducible manipulation of intracellular organelles based on the integration of chemically or optically triggered hetero-dimerization and phospholipid remodeling by <t>PLAAT</t> enzymes. This strategy anticipates rapid switching of the PLAAT activity right at the target membrane-bound organelles (e.g., mitochondria) to induce their deformation as well as defunctionalization. b Fluorescence images of COS-7 cells expressing CFP-FRB-MoA along with either mCherry-FKBP-PLAAT3-FL or mCherry-FKBP-PLAAT3-FL-LD before and 35 min after addition of 100 nM rapamycin. Experimental timeline and schematic drawing of constructs are shown on top. The experiment was repeated more than three times. c A summary of PLAAT3 domain structures (top), as well as C-terminal sequences of full-length PLAAT3 along with its LD and a series of truncation mutants (bottom) and their properties. 18TM was used as a tool in the later experiments. Pro: proline-rich domain, LRAT: Lecithin-retinol acyltransferase domain, TM: putative transmembrane domain, CT: C-terminus domain, FL: full length of hPLAAT3, LD: lipase-dead harboring C113S point mutation, 20TM, 19TM, 18TM, and 15TM: PLAAT3 mutant with truncations in TM and a full defect of CT, dTM: PLAAT3 without TM and CT. d The fraction of COS-7 cells indicating fully deformed mitochondria was calculated before and after rapamycin treatment, and presented for cells expressing mCherry-FKBP-FL-LD, mCherry-FKBP-FL or its mutants, and CFP-FRB-MoA. n = 104, 110, 121, 96, 138, 115, 103, 102, 97, 93, 125, and 111 cells from left to right; manually counted. e Cell homogenates (50 μg protein) were assayed for PLA 1/2 activity. The resultant radioactive products were separated by thin layer chromatography, and the activities ( n = 3) were calculated by quantifying the produced palmitic acid using an image reader FLA-7000. f Fluorescence images of COS-7 cells expressing YFP, YFP-FL, YFP-FL-LD, or YFP-18TM, obtained at 48 h post-transfection. Scale bar, 100 μm. g The fraction of YFP-positive cells shown in f was calculated. n = 591, 556, 499 and 601 cells from left to right. All data were analyzed from three individual experiments. Error bars, means ± s.d. Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison and p values are indicated on the graph.
    Human Plaat Cdnas, supplied by OriGene, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 2 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/human+plaat+cdnas/HRAS+like+suppressor+(HRASLS)+(NM_020386)+Human+Tagged+ORF+Clone/pmc09338259-277-0-6
    Average 90 stars, based on 2 article reviews
    human plaat cdnas - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    90/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Defunctionalizing intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes with engineered phospholipase A/acyltransferases"

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes with engineered phospholipase A/acyltransferases

    Journal: Nature Communications

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31946-5

    a A conceptual schema describing rapidly inducible manipulation of intracellular organelles based on the integration of chemically or optically triggered hetero-dimerization and phospholipid remodeling by PLAAT enzymes. This strategy anticipates rapid switching of the PLAAT activity right at the target membrane-bound organelles (e.g., mitochondria) to induce their deformation as well as defunctionalization. b Fluorescence images of COS-7 cells expressing CFP-FRB-MoA along with either mCherry-FKBP-PLAAT3-FL or mCherry-FKBP-PLAAT3-FL-LD before and 35 min after addition of 100 nM rapamycin. Experimental timeline and schematic drawing of constructs are shown on top. The experiment was repeated more than three times. c A summary of PLAAT3 domain structures (top), as well as C-terminal sequences of full-length PLAAT3 along with its LD and a series of truncation mutants (bottom) and their properties. 18TM was used as a tool in the later experiments. Pro: proline-rich domain, LRAT: Lecithin-retinol acyltransferase domain, TM: putative transmembrane domain, CT: C-terminus domain, FL: full length of hPLAAT3, LD: lipase-dead harboring C113S point mutation, 20TM, 19TM, 18TM, and 15TM: PLAAT3 mutant with truncations in TM and a full defect of CT, dTM: PLAAT3 without TM and CT. d The fraction of COS-7 cells indicating fully deformed mitochondria was calculated before and after rapamycin treatment, and presented for cells expressing mCherry-FKBP-FL-LD, mCherry-FKBP-FL or its mutants, and CFP-FRB-MoA. n = 104, 110, 121, 96, 138, 115, 103, 102, 97, 93, 125, and 111 cells from left to right; manually counted. e Cell homogenates (50 μg protein) were assayed for PLA 1/2 activity. The resultant radioactive products were separated by thin layer chromatography, and the activities ( n = 3) were calculated by quantifying the produced palmitic acid using an image reader FLA-7000. f Fluorescence images of COS-7 cells expressing YFP, YFP-FL, YFP-FL-LD, or YFP-18TM, obtained at 48 h post-transfection. Scale bar, 100 μm. g The fraction of YFP-positive cells shown in f was calculated. n = 591, 556, 499 and 601 cells from left to right. All data were analyzed from three individual experiments. Error bars, means ± s.d. Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison and p values are indicated on the graph.
    Figure Legend Snippet: a A conceptual schema describing rapidly inducible manipulation of intracellular organelles based on the integration of chemically or optically triggered hetero-dimerization and phospholipid remodeling by PLAAT enzymes. This strategy anticipates rapid switching of the PLAAT activity right at the target membrane-bound organelles (e.g., mitochondria) to induce their deformation as well as defunctionalization. b Fluorescence images of COS-7 cells expressing CFP-FRB-MoA along with either mCherry-FKBP-PLAAT3-FL or mCherry-FKBP-PLAAT3-FL-LD before and 35 min after addition of 100 nM rapamycin. Experimental timeline and schematic drawing of constructs are shown on top. The experiment was repeated more than three times. c A summary of PLAAT3 domain structures (top), as well as C-terminal sequences of full-length PLAAT3 along with its LD and a series of truncation mutants (bottom) and their properties. 18TM was used as a tool in the later experiments. Pro: proline-rich domain, LRAT: Lecithin-retinol acyltransferase domain, TM: putative transmembrane domain, CT: C-terminus domain, FL: full length of hPLAAT3, LD: lipase-dead harboring C113S point mutation, 20TM, 19TM, 18TM, and 15TM: PLAAT3 mutant with truncations in TM and a full defect of CT, dTM: PLAAT3 without TM and CT. d The fraction of COS-7 cells indicating fully deformed mitochondria was calculated before and after rapamycin treatment, and presented for cells expressing mCherry-FKBP-FL-LD, mCherry-FKBP-FL or its mutants, and CFP-FRB-MoA. n = 104, 110, 121, 96, 138, 115, 103, 102, 97, 93, 125, and 111 cells from left to right; manually counted. e Cell homogenates (50 μg protein) were assayed for PLA 1/2 activity. The resultant radioactive products were separated by thin layer chromatography, and the activities ( n = 3) were calculated by quantifying the produced palmitic acid using an image reader FLA-7000. f Fluorescence images of COS-7 cells expressing YFP, YFP-FL, YFP-FL-LD, or YFP-18TM, obtained at 48 h post-transfection. Scale bar, 100 μm. g The fraction of YFP-positive cells shown in f was calculated. n = 591, 556, 499 and 601 cells from left to right. All data were analyzed from three individual experiments. Error bars, means ± s.d. Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison and p values are indicated on the graph.

    Techniques Used: Activity Assay, Membrane, Fluorescence, Expressing, Construct, Mutagenesis, Thin Layer Chromatography, Produced, Transfection, Comparison

    Related Articles

    Activity Assay:

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes with engineered phospholipase A/acyltransferases
    Article Snippet: If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP , pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP , pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).. Human Plaat cDNAs were purchased from ORIGENE [RC208444 for PLAAT1 (NM_020386), RC212578 for PLAAT2 (NM_017878), RC200242 for PLAAT3 (NM_007069), RC201923 for PLAAT4 (NM_004585), and RC228184 for PLAAT5 (NM_054108)].. For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-TOM20-CFP-FRB , pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM , YFP-FKBP and TOM20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-TOM20-CFP-FRB , pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM , YFP-FKBP and TOM20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing Intracellular Organelles with Genetically-Encoded Molecular Tools Based on Engineered Phospholipase A/Acyltransferases (PLAATs)
    Article Snippet: If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP, pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP, pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).. Human Plaat cDNAs were purchased from ORIGENE [RC208444 for PLAAT1 (NM_020386), RC212578 for PLAAT2 (NM_017878), RC200242 for PLAAT3 (NM_007069), RC201923 for PLAAT4 (NM_004585), and RC228184 for PLAAT5 (NM_054108)].. For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-Tom20-CFP-FRB, pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM, YFP-FKBP and Tom20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-Tom20-CFP-FRB, pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM, YFP-FKBP and Tom20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).

    Membrane:

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes with engineered phospholipase A/acyltransferases
    Article Snippet: If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP , pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP , pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).. Human Plaat cDNAs were purchased from ORIGENE [RC208444 for PLAAT1 (NM_020386), RC212578 for PLAAT2 (NM_017878), RC200242 for PLAAT3 (NM_007069), RC201923 for PLAAT4 (NM_004585), and RC228184 for PLAAT5 (NM_054108)].. For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-TOM20-CFP-FRB , pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM , YFP-FKBP and TOM20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-TOM20-CFP-FRB , pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM , YFP-FKBP and TOM20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing Intracellular Organelles with Genetically-Encoded Molecular Tools Based on Engineered Phospholipase A/Acyltransferases (PLAATs)
    Article Snippet: If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP, pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP, pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).. Human Plaat cDNAs were purchased from ORIGENE [RC208444 for PLAAT1 (NM_020386), RC212578 for PLAAT2 (NM_017878), RC200242 for PLAAT3 (NM_007069), RC201923 for PLAAT4 (NM_004585), and RC228184 for PLAAT5 (NM_054108)].. For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-Tom20-CFP-FRB, pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM, YFP-FKBP and Tom20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-Tom20-CFP-FRB, pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM, YFP-FKBP and Tom20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).

    Fluorescence:

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes with engineered phospholipase A/acyltransferases
    Article Snippet: If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP , pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP , pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).. Human Plaat cDNAs were purchased from ORIGENE [RC208444 for PLAAT1 (NM_020386), RC212578 for PLAAT2 (NM_017878), RC200242 for PLAAT3 (NM_007069), RC201923 for PLAAT4 (NM_004585), and RC228184 for PLAAT5 (NM_054108)].. For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-TOM20-CFP-FRB , pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM , YFP-FKBP and TOM20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-TOM20-CFP-FRB , pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM , YFP-FKBP and TOM20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing Intracellular Organelles with Genetically-Encoded Molecular Tools Based on Engineered Phospholipase A/Acyltransferases (PLAATs)
    Article Snippet: If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP, pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP, pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).. Human Plaat cDNAs were purchased from ORIGENE [RC208444 for PLAAT1 (NM_020386), RC212578 for PLAAT2 (NM_017878), RC200242 for PLAAT3 (NM_007069), RC201923 for PLAAT4 (NM_004585), and RC228184 for PLAAT5 (NM_054108)].. For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-Tom20-CFP-FRB, pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM, YFP-FKBP and Tom20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-Tom20-CFP-FRB, pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM, YFP-FKBP and Tom20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).

    Expressing:

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes with engineered phospholipase A/acyltransferases
    Article Snippet: If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP , pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP , pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).. Human Plaat cDNAs were purchased from ORIGENE [RC208444 for PLAAT1 (NM_020386), RC212578 for PLAAT2 (NM_017878), RC200242 for PLAAT3 (NM_007069), RC201923 for PLAAT4 (NM_004585), and RC228184 for PLAAT5 (NM_054108)].. For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-TOM20-CFP-FRB , pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM , YFP-FKBP and TOM20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-TOM20-CFP-FRB , pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM , YFP-FKBP and TOM20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing Intracellular Organelles with Genetically-Encoded Molecular Tools Based on Engineered Phospholipase A/Acyltransferases (PLAATs)
    Article Snippet: If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP, pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP, pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).. Human Plaat cDNAs were purchased from ORIGENE [RC208444 for PLAAT1 (NM_020386), RC212578 for PLAAT2 (NM_017878), RC200242 for PLAAT3 (NM_007069), RC201923 for PLAAT4 (NM_004585), and RC228184 for PLAAT5 (NM_054108)].. For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-Tom20-CFP-FRB, pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM, YFP-FKBP and Tom20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-Tom20-CFP-FRB, pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM, YFP-FKBP and Tom20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).

    Construct:

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes with engineered phospholipase A/acyltransferases
    Article Snippet: If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP , pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP , pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).. Human Plaat cDNAs were purchased from ORIGENE [RC208444 for PLAAT1 (NM_020386), RC212578 for PLAAT2 (NM_017878), RC200242 for PLAAT3 (NM_007069), RC201923 for PLAAT4 (NM_004585), and RC228184 for PLAAT5 (NM_054108)].. For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-TOM20-CFP-FRB , pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM , YFP-FKBP and TOM20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-TOM20-CFP-FRB , pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM , YFP-FKBP and TOM20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing Intracellular Organelles with Genetically-Encoded Molecular Tools Based on Engineered Phospholipase A/Acyltransferases (PLAATs)
    Article Snippet: If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP, pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP, pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).. Human Plaat cDNAs were purchased from ORIGENE [RC208444 for PLAAT1 (NM_020386), RC212578 for PLAAT2 (NM_017878), RC200242 for PLAAT3 (NM_007069), RC201923 for PLAAT4 (NM_004585), and RC228184 for PLAAT5 (NM_054108)].. For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-Tom20-CFP-FRB, pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM, YFP-FKBP and Tom20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-Tom20-CFP-FRB, pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM, YFP-FKBP and Tom20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).

    Mutagenesis:

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes with engineered phospholipase A/acyltransferases
    Article Snippet: If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP , pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP , pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).. Human Plaat cDNAs were purchased from ORIGENE [RC208444 for PLAAT1 (NM_020386), RC212578 for PLAAT2 (NM_017878), RC200242 for PLAAT3 (NM_007069), RC201923 for PLAAT4 (NM_004585), and RC228184 for PLAAT5 (NM_054108)].. For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-TOM20-CFP-FRB , pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM , YFP-FKBP and TOM20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-TOM20-CFP-FRB , pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM , YFP-FKBP and TOM20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing Intracellular Organelles with Genetically-Encoded Molecular Tools Based on Engineered Phospholipase A/Acyltransferases (PLAATs)
    Article Snippet: If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP, pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP, pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).. Human Plaat cDNAs were purchased from ORIGENE [RC208444 for PLAAT1 (NM_020386), RC212578 for PLAAT2 (NM_017878), RC200242 for PLAAT3 (NM_007069), RC201923 for PLAAT4 (NM_004585), and RC228184 for PLAAT5 (NM_054108)].. For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-Tom20-CFP-FRB, pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM, YFP-FKBP and Tom20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-Tom20-CFP-FRB, pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM, YFP-FKBP and Tom20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).

    Thin Layer Chromatography:

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes with engineered phospholipase A/acyltransferases
    Article Snippet: If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP , pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP , pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).. Human Plaat cDNAs were purchased from ORIGENE [RC208444 for PLAAT1 (NM_020386), RC212578 for PLAAT2 (NM_017878), RC200242 for PLAAT3 (NM_007069), RC201923 for PLAAT4 (NM_004585), and RC228184 for PLAAT5 (NM_054108)].. For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-TOM20-CFP-FRB , pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM , YFP-FKBP and TOM20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-TOM20-CFP-FRB , pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM , YFP-FKBP and TOM20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing Intracellular Organelles with Genetically-Encoded Molecular Tools Based on Engineered Phospholipase A/Acyltransferases (PLAATs)
    Article Snippet: If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP, pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP, pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).. Human Plaat cDNAs were purchased from ORIGENE [RC208444 for PLAAT1 (NM_020386), RC212578 for PLAAT2 (NM_017878), RC200242 for PLAAT3 (NM_007069), RC201923 for PLAAT4 (NM_004585), and RC228184 for PLAAT5 (NM_054108)].. For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-Tom20-CFP-FRB, pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM, YFP-FKBP and Tom20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-Tom20-CFP-FRB, pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM, YFP-FKBP and Tom20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).

    Produced:

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes with engineered phospholipase A/acyltransferases
    Article Snippet: If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP , pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP , pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).. Human Plaat cDNAs were purchased from ORIGENE [RC208444 for PLAAT1 (NM_020386), RC212578 for PLAAT2 (NM_017878), RC200242 for PLAAT3 (NM_007069), RC201923 for PLAAT4 (NM_004585), and RC228184 for PLAAT5 (NM_054108)].. For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-TOM20-CFP-FRB , pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM , YFP-FKBP and TOM20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-TOM20-CFP-FRB , pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM , YFP-FKBP and TOM20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing Intracellular Organelles with Genetically-Encoded Molecular Tools Based on Engineered Phospholipase A/Acyltransferases (PLAATs)
    Article Snippet: If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP, pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP, pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).. Human Plaat cDNAs were purchased from ORIGENE [RC208444 for PLAAT1 (NM_020386), RC212578 for PLAAT2 (NM_017878), RC200242 for PLAAT3 (NM_007069), RC201923 for PLAAT4 (NM_004585), and RC228184 for PLAAT5 (NM_054108)].. For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-Tom20-CFP-FRB, pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM, YFP-FKBP and Tom20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-Tom20-CFP-FRB, pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM, YFP-FKBP and Tom20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).

    Transfection:

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes with engineered phospholipase A/acyltransferases
    Article Snippet: If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP , pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP , pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).. Human Plaat cDNAs were purchased from ORIGENE [RC208444 for PLAAT1 (NM_020386), RC212578 for PLAAT2 (NM_017878), RC200242 for PLAAT3 (NM_007069), RC201923 for PLAAT4 (NM_004585), and RC228184 for PLAAT5 (NM_054108)].. For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-TOM20-CFP-FRB , pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM , YFP-FKBP and TOM20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-TOM20-CFP-FRB , pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM , YFP-FKBP and TOM20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing Intracellular Organelles with Genetically-Encoded Molecular Tools Based on Engineered Phospholipase A/Acyltransferases (PLAATs)
    Article Snippet: If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP, pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP, pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).. Human Plaat cDNAs were purchased from ORIGENE [RC208444 for PLAAT1 (NM_020386), RC212578 for PLAAT2 (NM_017878), RC200242 for PLAAT3 (NM_007069), RC201923 for PLAAT4 (NM_004585), and RC228184 for PLAAT5 (NM_054108)].. For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-Tom20-CFP-FRB, pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM, YFP-FKBP and Tom20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-Tom20-CFP-FRB, pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM, YFP-FKBP and Tom20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).

    Comparison:

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes with engineered phospholipase A/acyltransferases
    Article Snippet: If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP , pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP , pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).. Human Plaat cDNAs were purchased from ORIGENE [RC208444 for PLAAT1 (NM_020386), RC212578 for PLAAT2 (NM_017878), RC200242 for PLAAT3 (NM_007069), RC201923 for PLAAT4 (NM_004585), and RC228184 for PLAAT5 (NM_054108)].. For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-TOM20-CFP-FRB , pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM , YFP-FKBP and TOM20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-TOM20-CFP-FRB , pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM , YFP-FKBP and TOM20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing Intracellular Organelles with Genetically-Encoded Molecular Tools Based on Engineered Phospholipase A/Acyltransferases (PLAATs)
    Article Snippet: If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP, pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP, pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).. Human Plaat cDNAs were purchased from ORIGENE [RC208444 for PLAAT1 (NM_020386), RC212578 for PLAAT2 (NM_017878), RC200242 for PLAAT3 (NM_007069), RC201923 for PLAAT4 (NM_004585), and RC228184 for PLAAT5 (NM_054108)].. For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-Tom20-CFP-FRB, pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM, YFP-FKBP and Tom20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-Tom20-CFP-FRB, pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM, YFP-FKBP and Tom20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).

    Staining:

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes with engineered phospholipase A/acyltransferases
    Article Snippet: If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP , pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP , pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).. Human Plaat cDNAs were purchased from ORIGENE [RC208444 for PLAAT1 (NM_020386), RC212578 for PLAAT2 (NM_017878), RC200242 for PLAAT3 (NM_007069), RC201923 for PLAAT4 (NM_004585), and RC228184 for PLAAT5 (NM_054108)].. For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-TOM20-CFP-FRB , pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM , YFP-FKBP and TOM20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-TOM20-CFP-FRB , pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM , YFP-FKBP and TOM20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing Intracellular Organelles with Genetically-Encoded Molecular Tools Based on Engineered Phospholipase A/Acyltransferases (PLAATs)
    Article Snippet: If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP, pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).If not otherwise specified, all plasmids expressing FKBP or FRB were constructed by standard subcloning techniques based on either pECFP, pEYFP and pmCherry plasmids (Clonetech).. Human Plaat cDNAs were purchased from ORIGENE [RC208444 for PLAAT1 (NM_020386), RC212578 for PLAAT2 (NM_017878), RC200242 for PLAAT3 (NM_007069), RC201923 for PLAAT4 (NM_004585), and RC228184 for PLAAT5 (NM_054108)].. For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-Tom20-CFP-FRB, pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM, YFP-FKBP and Tom20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).For construction of pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM, pAAV-CMV-YFP-FKBP-18TM-LD , and pAAV-CMV-Tom20-CFP-FRB, pAAV-MCS (Cell Biolabs) was digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and fragments of YFP-FKBP-18TM, YFP-FKBP and Tom20-CFP-FRB were inserted to the digested sites using In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix (Takara Bio USA, 638947).



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    OriGene human plaat cdnas
    a A conceptual schema describing rapidly inducible manipulation of intracellular organelles based on the integration of chemically or optically triggered hetero-dimerization and phospholipid remodeling by <t>PLAAT</t> enzymes. This strategy anticipates rapid switching of the PLAAT activity right at the target membrane-bound organelles (e.g., mitochondria) to induce their deformation as well as defunctionalization. b Fluorescence images of COS-7 cells expressing CFP-FRB-MoA along with either mCherry-FKBP-PLAAT3-FL or mCherry-FKBP-PLAAT3-FL-LD before and 35 min after addition of 100 nM rapamycin. Experimental timeline and schematic drawing of constructs are shown on top. The experiment was repeated more than three times. c A summary of PLAAT3 domain structures (top), as well as C-terminal sequences of full-length PLAAT3 along with its LD and a series of truncation mutants (bottom) and their properties. 18TM was used as a tool in the later experiments. Pro: proline-rich domain, LRAT: Lecithin-retinol acyltransferase domain, TM: putative transmembrane domain, CT: C-terminus domain, FL: full length of hPLAAT3, LD: lipase-dead harboring C113S point mutation, 20TM, 19TM, 18TM, and 15TM: PLAAT3 mutant with truncations in TM and a full defect of CT, dTM: PLAAT3 without TM and CT. d The fraction of COS-7 cells indicating fully deformed mitochondria was calculated before and after rapamycin treatment, and presented for cells expressing mCherry-FKBP-FL-LD, mCherry-FKBP-FL or its mutants, and CFP-FRB-MoA. n = 104, 110, 121, 96, 138, 115, 103, 102, 97, 93, 125, and 111 cells from left to right; manually counted. e Cell homogenates (50 μg protein) were assayed for PLA 1/2 activity. The resultant radioactive products were separated by thin layer chromatography, and the activities ( n = 3) were calculated by quantifying the produced palmitic acid using an image reader FLA-7000. f Fluorescence images of COS-7 cells expressing YFP, YFP-FL, YFP-FL-LD, or YFP-18TM, obtained at 48 h post-transfection. Scale bar, 100 μm. g The fraction of YFP-positive cells shown in f was calculated. n = 591, 556, 499 and 601 cells from left to right. All data were analyzed from three individual experiments. Error bars, means ± s.d. Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison and p values are indicated on the graph.
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    a A conceptual schema describing rapidly inducible manipulation of intracellular organelles based on the integration of chemically or optically triggered hetero-dimerization and phospholipid remodeling by PLAAT enzymes. This strategy anticipates rapid switching of the PLAAT activity right at the target membrane-bound organelles (e.g., mitochondria) to induce their deformation as well as defunctionalization. b Fluorescence images of COS-7 cells expressing CFP-FRB-MoA along with either mCherry-FKBP-PLAAT3-FL or mCherry-FKBP-PLAAT3-FL-LD before and 35 min after addition of 100 nM rapamycin. Experimental timeline and schematic drawing of constructs are shown on top. The experiment was repeated more than three times. c A summary of PLAAT3 domain structures (top), as well as C-terminal sequences of full-length PLAAT3 along with its LD and a series of truncation mutants (bottom) and their properties. 18TM was used as a tool in the later experiments. Pro: proline-rich domain, LRAT: Lecithin-retinol acyltransferase domain, TM: putative transmembrane domain, CT: C-terminus domain, FL: full length of hPLAAT3, LD: lipase-dead harboring C113S point mutation, 20TM, 19TM, 18TM, and 15TM: PLAAT3 mutant with truncations in TM and a full defect of CT, dTM: PLAAT3 without TM and CT. d The fraction of COS-7 cells indicating fully deformed mitochondria was calculated before and after rapamycin treatment, and presented for cells expressing mCherry-FKBP-FL-LD, mCherry-FKBP-FL or its mutants, and CFP-FRB-MoA. n = 104, 110, 121, 96, 138, 115, 103, 102, 97, 93, 125, and 111 cells from left to right; manually counted. e Cell homogenates (50 μg protein) were assayed for PLA 1/2 activity. The resultant radioactive products were separated by thin layer chromatography, and the activities ( n = 3) were calculated by quantifying the produced palmitic acid using an image reader FLA-7000. f Fluorescence images of COS-7 cells expressing YFP, YFP-FL, YFP-FL-LD, or YFP-18TM, obtained at 48 h post-transfection. Scale bar, 100 μm. g The fraction of YFP-positive cells shown in f was calculated. n = 591, 556, 499 and 601 cells from left to right. All data were analyzed from three individual experiments. Error bars, means ± s.d. Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison and p values are indicated on the graph.

    Journal: Nature Communications

    Article Title: Defunctionalizing intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes with engineered phospholipase A/acyltransferases

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31946-5

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a A conceptual schema describing rapidly inducible manipulation of intracellular organelles based on the integration of chemically or optically triggered hetero-dimerization and phospholipid remodeling by PLAAT enzymes. This strategy anticipates rapid switching of the PLAAT activity right at the target membrane-bound organelles (e.g., mitochondria) to induce their deformation as well as defunctionalization. b Fluorescence images of COS-7 cells expressing CFP-FRB-MoA along with either mCherry-FKBP-PLAAT3-FL or mCherry-FKBP-PLAAT3-FL-LD before and 35 min after addition of 100 nM rapamycin. Experimental timeline and schematic drawing of constructs are shown on top. The experiment was repeated more than three times. c A summary of PLAAT3 domain structures (top), as well as C-terminal sequences of full-length PLAAT3 along with its LD and a series of truncation mutants (bottom) and their properties. 18TM was used as a tool in the later experiments. Pro: proline-rich domain, LRAT: Lecithin-retinol acyltransferase domain, TM: putative transmembrane domain, CT: C-terminus domain, FL: full length of hPLAAT3, LD: lipase-dead harboring C113S point mutation, 20TM, 19TM, 18TM, and 15TM: PLAAT3 mutant with truncations in TM and a full defect of CT, dTM: PLAAT3 without TM and CT. d The fraction of COS-7 cells indicating fully deformed mitochondria was calculated before and after rapamycin treatment, and presented for cells expressing mCherry-FKBP-FL-LD, mCherry-FKBP-FL or its mutants, and CFP-FRB-MoA. n = 104, 110, 121, 96, 138, 115, 103, 102, 97, 93, 125, and 111 cells from left to right; manually counted. e Cell homogenates (50 μg protein) were assayed for PLA 1/2 activity. The resultant radioactive products were separated by thin layer chromatography, and the activities ( n = 3) were calculated by quantifying the produced palmitic acid using an image reader FLA-7000. f Fluorescence images of COS-7 cells expressing YFP, YFP-FL, YFP-FL-LD, or YFP-18TM, obtained at 48 h post-transfection. Scale bar, 100 μm. g The fraction of YFP-positive cells shown in f was calculated. n = 591, 556, 499 and 601 cells from left to right. All data were analyzed from three individual experiments. Error bars, means ± s.d. Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison and p values are indicated on the graph.

    Article Snippet: Human Plaat cDNAs were purchased from ORIGENE [RC208444 for PLAAT1 (NM_020386), RC212578 for PLAAT2 (NM_017878), RC200242 for PLAAT3 (NM_007069), RC201923 for PLAAT4 (NM_004585), and RC228184 for PLAAT5 (NM_054108)].

    Techniques: Activity Assay, Membrane, Fluorescence, Expressing, Construct, Mutagenesis, Thin Layer Chromatography, Produced, Transfection, Comparison